The Manuscript Remains and Other Materials for the Study of the San-chieh Movement

Jamie Hubbard, Smith College

 

Table of Contents

 

Introduction and Release Notes

Part I: San-chieh Literature in the Sutra

Catalogs

Part II: Extant Manuscripts

Part III: Epigraphical Remains of the

San-chieh Movement  

Part IV: Secondary Sources for the Study

of the San-chieh Movement 

 

Absolute Delusion, Perfect Buddhahood:

The Rise and Fall of a Chinese Heresy

The complete content of the book may be read online or downloaded (in Adobe Acrobat .pdf format), courtesy of the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture and University of Hawaii Press. The version included here has been enhanced by linking all footnote references to the Taishō canon to the actual Taishō texts themselves, courtesy of the CBETA Chinese Electronic Tripitaka Series; I also have updated an Errata list.

 

NOTE: To read the individual chapters please click on the individual chapters after you open the Table of Contents by clicking on the image or the title above.

 

Note: the cover image is of a forged copy of a Sanjie ms from Dunhuang in the private collection of M. Hirano

 

 

 

Introduction

1.      The documents collected here are a combination of unpublished articles, conference papers, electronic versions of San-chieh manuscripts, notes, previously published books and articles (in Adobe Acrobat .pdf format), and other materials related to the study of the San-chieh movement. I have placed them on the web in the hope that they might help other scholars in their own work. It is also an experiment in hypertext research materials as I explore the problems and utility of such a linked body of materials.

2.      What’s here?

a.       Part I contains descriptions and studies of the San-chieh texts as they appeared in the sutra catalogs—this is largely material from my original study supplemented with some new work on the Chen yüan lu; Part II is made up of a variety of studies of texts now extant, again largely from my original work and supplemented by recent studies of the San-chieh materials at the Nanatsu-dera in Nagoya and electronic versions of most of the relevant San-chieh texts from Tun-huang and Japan; Part III is based on my original study of the stele remains of the San-chieh movement published in the Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies (14:1991); Part IV consists of an annotated bibliography of secondary sources—journal articles and the like—and I have tried as much as possible to include scanned copies of the articles in Adobe Acrobat .pdf format for the convenience of those who do not have easy access to older Japanese journals and some of the more obscure sources. Because I have not in all cases been able to secure new and “clean” copies of the articles, I apologize for the fact that many of these are “marked up” with my own scrawls, translations, and notes—Caveat Emptor! For an example, click here to see the text of Kanda Kiichirō’s “Sangaikyō ni  Kansuru Zui-Tō no Kohi” from Bukkyō Kenkyū, vol. 3, nos. 3, 4, and vol. 4,  no. 2. Again, in most cases I have not printed the .pdf files after creating them, and on occasion Adobe Acrobat screws up and though the .pdf looks fine on-screen the printout is messed up; let me know if this happens and I will try to put a new version online—but it might be faster to submit your own Inter-Library Loan request—they do amazing things these days! Many of these articles have passed into the public domain, and I have applied for copyright permission for all the others; if I have secured copyright permission the article may be freely viewed; articles for which I have not yet secured permission are password protected—let me know if there is a particular article that you need ASAP but cannot get to because of the password. Citations in green are in the process of being scanned and linked.

b.      The entire manuscript of my Absolute Delusion, Perfect Buddhahood: The Rise and Fall of a Chinese Heresy (Nanzan Library of Asian Religion and Culture: University of Hawaii Press, 2001) is reproduced as Adobe Acrobat .pdf files courtesy of the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture; I am in the process of adding hyperlinks to these files to point both to the original Tun-huang manuscripts on which the study is based as well as the Taisho references that the book contains—for example, Hsin-hsing's biography in the Hsü kao seng chüan,  T 50.559c.

c.       I am slowly putting in links to the Taisho references as files from the CBETA Chinese Electronic Tripitaka Series; at this point these links are generally to the entire register(s) of the relevant Taisho passage rather than broken down to specific lines.

3.      These materials are provided “as-is” for use by researchers; I have therefore made little effort to clean up the inevitable discrepancies that have crept into my work on the San-chieh over the past twenty years—most Chinese is in Wade-Giles, but some is in Pinyin; there are likely artifacts left over from ancient encoding systems that were overlooked in the transfer to UTF-8; bibliographic references in footnotes, etc. have not been standardized—I believe that anybody seriously looking for a reference will have no trouble finding it, but if there are problems let me know. Although I am happy to share this material with the scholarly community, I do not have the time required to "dot my i's and cross all my t's"; this is especially true with regard the various complexities of HTML, UTF-8 encoding, and the like.

4.      For the most part these documents are in HTML format, and I apologize in advance to anybody who might “look under the hood” at the actual HTML source code; generally the documents were created in MS Word simply exported from Word as a “filtered web page.” This results in an unsightly mess for the actual code in terms of MS-specific code that gets added to the file--“a ton of blechorous crap,” one person called it. On the other hand, it is easy and produces a web page pretty much faithful to the original formatting, albeit about 40% larger in size than it should be. It also allows me to re-edit the original files without much fuss.

a.       I have tried a variety of programs and utilities to strip the material down and lose the Microsoft-specific markup, but it has only led to more and more headaches. Maybe someday in the future I will re-do the files; in the meantime, I believe that they will still serve the intended purpose.

b.      All of the files are stored as Unicode UTF-8; where Chinese characters do not exist in this standard they have been entered with Mojikyo. If you have the Mojikyo fonts installed on your system they will display just fine in Netscape 7 and MS Internet Explorer; all Mojikyo characters are also marked with a footnote giving the Mojikyo character number for ease of lookup in case you cannot view them onscreen.

c.       Some of the diacritics have been entered with Titus Bitstream; there might be some “artifacting” where the font tag was stripped out or inadvertently replaced—feel free to let me know.

5.      I would like to thank a number of students who have assisted me over the years with a variety of tasks, from text input before the days of off-shore data entry to linking the .pdf files from Absolute Delusion: Helen Hwang (2003), Junko Komatsu (2001-2002), Ling Huang (1998-1999, and Min Zhong (1990-1991).

6.      Release information:

a.       September 26, 2003: Updates to Part IV.

b.      August 27, 2003: Added links to Taishō references in Absolute Delusion.

c.       April 1, 2003: first public release.

 


 

I.                 San-chieh Literature in the Sutra Catalogues

1.      Li tai san pao chi

2.      Ta t'ang nei tien lu

3.      Ta chou k'an ting chung ching mu lu

4.      K'ai yüan shi chiao lu

5.      Chen yüan hsin ting shih chiao mu lu

a.      see also “The Chen-yüan lu Catalog of Doubtful and Spurious Scriptures”

b.      Text

6.      Jen chi lu tu mu

7.      Lung lu nui wu ming ching lun lu

8.      Sinp'yon chejong kyojang ch'ongnok

9.      Shōsō-in Bunsho

10.  Tōiki Dentō Mokuroku

II.              Extant Manuscripts[1]

1.      *Tui ken ch'i hsing fa對根起行法

a.       Stein #2446, Giles #4590; Pao-tsang 19.509a-538b. Edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 109-152; cf. nos. 2, 12

b.      Text

2.      *Tui ken ch’i hsing fa 對根起行法.

a.       Stein #832, Giles #???; Pao-tsang 7.60a-b.

3.      *San chieh fo fa 三階佛法  chüan 2.

a.       Stein #2684, Giles #5859; Pao-tsang 22.229b-248a. Edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 9-47.

b.      Text

4.      Chi chieh fo ming ching  七階佛名經

a.      Stein #59, #236, 1306, 2360, etc); Hirokawa has identified as many as 127 variant mss of this text. One text was edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 177-188

b.      Text

5.      Hsin hsing k'ou chi chen ju shih kuan ch'i hsu 信行口集真如實観起序

a.      Stein #212, Giles #5858; Pao-tsang 2.276a-280a. Edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 190-199.

b.      Text

6.      *P'u fa ssu fo 普法四佛.

a.       Stein #5668; Giles #5938; Pao-tsang 44.292b-298a. Partially edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaiky­ō no kenkyū­, 201-206;  cf. #35, #36.

b.      Text

7.      *Hsin‑hsing i wen 信行遺文.

a.       Stein #2137, Giles #4589; Pao-tsang 16.188b-190a. Edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 2-7.

b.      Text

8.      Wu chin tsang fa lüeh chi 無盡藏法略記

a.        Stein #190, Giles #6617; Pao-tsang 2.188b-190b. Edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 153-159.

b.      Text

9.      *Ta sheng fa chiai wu shin tsang fa shih 大乗法界無盡藏法釋

a.      Stein #721v, Giles #5563; Pao-tsang 6.91a-97b. Edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 161-176.

b.      Text

10.  Ju lai shen tsang lun 如來身藏論

a.      Stein #4658, Giles #5919; Pao-tsang 37.264b-265b. Edited by Yabuki Keiki (who gives Stein #576 CHECK), Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 208-211.

b.      Text

11.  Chih fa 制法.

a.       Stein #1315; Pao-tsang, 10.76b; cf. #32.

b.      Text

12.  *Tui ken ch’i hsing fa 對根起行法.

a.       Stein #5841; Pao-tsang 44.503a-b.

13.  *Ming wang fa 明悪法

a.       Stein #3962. Edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 213-215; Pao tsang, 32.587a-589b.

b.       Text

14.  Fo shuo shih so fan che yu ch'ieh fa ching ching 佛説示所犯者瑜 法鏡經

a.      Stein #2423, Giles #5407; Pao-tsang 19.297a-310b. Edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 231-254.

b.      Text

15.  San chieh fo fa 三階佛法chüan 3

a.       Pelliot 2059; Pao-tsang 113.313a-321a. Edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 49-70.

b.      Text

16.  San chieh fo fa mi chi 三階佛法密記

a.      Pelliot #2412R1; Pao-tsang 120.265a-279a. Edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 72-108.

b.      Text

17.  *Ming shuo chiu chung sheng to lei chung pieh pu t'ung 明説就衆生多類種別不同

a.       Pelliot #3413V; Pao-tsang 128.243b-244a. Edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 217.

b.      Text

18.  Jen chi lu tu mu. 人集録敗目

a.      Pelliot #242(1?CHECK)2R2; Pao-tsang 120.279b-280a. Edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 220-224.

b.      Text

19.  Lung lu nui wu ming ching lun lu  龍録扉無名經論律

a.      Pelliot #3202; Pao-tsang 126.573a. Edited by Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 225-226.

b.      Text

20.  *Hua yen chang 華厳章.

a.      Current location unknown; cf. Yabuki, 676-682.

21.  San chieh fo fa 三階佛法 and notes on all versions of this manuscripts.

A complete edition of the Nara mss has been published in Yabuki Keiki, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, 255-415; an edition was also published by Oya Tokujo as Sangaibuppō (collotype edition), Ry­­ūkoku University Library, 193?.

a.       Hōryū-ji ms; chuans 1, 2

 

1.       Text of San chieh fo fa, chuan 1

2.       Text of San chieh fo fa, chuan 2

3.       Text of San chieh fo fa, chuan 3

4.       Text of San chieh fo fa, chuan 4

 

22.  San chieh fo fa 三階佛; Shōgozō ms; chuans 2, 3, 4; see above, 21. San chieh fo fa 三階佛法

23.  San chieh fo fa 三階佛法; Kōsei-ji ms; chuans 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; see above, 21. San chieh fo fa 三階佛法

24.  San chieh fo fa 三階佛法; Nanatsudera ms; chüan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; see above, 21. San chieh fo fa 三階佛法

25.  Jen chi lu yü shih erh pu ching hsiu to lo nei yen ch'u tui keng ch'i hsing fa 人集録於十二部經修多羅内験出根起行法.

a.       Ryukoku Univ.

26.  *San chieh mou ch'an shih hsing chuang shih mo 三階某禅師行状始末.

a.       Pelliot #2550; Pao tsang 122.58a-62b; Ōtani Shinsō, .. ….

27.  Ch'iung cha pien huo lun 窮詐辯惑論.

a.       Pelliot 2115R; Pao tsang 114.554a-567b; Nishimoto 660-673.

28.  *Fa p'u t'i hsin fa 発菩提心法.

a.       Pelliot 2283; Pao tsang 118.450a-452b; Nishimoto 602-608.

29.  *San chieh kuan fa lüeh shih 三階観法略.

a.       Pelliot 2268; Pao tsang 118.287b-305b; Nishimoto 623-649 (commentary on S 5668)

30.  Shou pa chieh fa 受八戒法.

a.       Pelliot 2849R3; Pao tsang 124.474a-476a.

31.  Jen chi lu ming chu ching chung tui keng ch'ien shen fa p'u t'i hsin fa 人集録明諸經中根浅深発菩提心法

a.       Li Seitaku-bon

32.  Chih fa 制法.

a.       Pelliot #2849R1; Pao tsang 124.466b-472a; Nishimoto 578-592.

33.  *Ch’i shih fa 乞食法.

a.       Pelliot 2849R2; Pao tsang 124.472b-474a; Nishimoto 592-595.

34.  *Fo hsing kuan 佛性観.

a.       Stein 1004 & Taiwan ms; Pao tsang 8.202a-203a; Nishimoto, 650-659 (based on Taiwan #99).

35.  *Ti san chieh fo fa kuang shih 第三階佛法廣.

a.       Stein 6344; 1 sheet, contents = same ms as S5668); Pao tsang 45.149b; see nos. 6, 36.

36.  *Ti san chieh fo fa kuang shih 第三階佛法廣.

a.       Peking 8725R; contents = S 5668, copied in exactly the same messed up order as S 5668; Pao tsang 111.308b-313a; Nishimoto, 609-622.

37.  ☐☐ kuan hsiu shan fa  ☐☐ 善法.

a.       Peking 8386; Pao tsang 110.146b-151b.

38.  *Fo hsing kuan 佛性観.

a.       Taiwan #99; Nishimoto 650-659.

39.  O kuan 悪観

a.       Russian (St. Petersberg), Дx92.

 

III.          Epigraphical Remains of the San-chieh Movement

1.      The Founder's Memorials of 594

2.      T'ang Memorials for Hsin-hsing

3.      Memorials for San-chieh-chiao Followers

IV.           Secondary Sources for the Study of the San-chieh Movement

1.         Biographies and Tales

2.         Sectarian Sources     

3.         Secular Chinese Sources   

4.         Modern Studies

 



[1] Numbered according to Yabuki Keiki (Sangaikyō no kenkyū),  pp. 183-85 and supplemented by Nishimoto Teruma, Sangaikyō no kenkyū, pp. 168-71.